Margaret A. Hamburg, MD, PhD is the Commissioner of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. She has served as Senior Scientist at the Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI), NTI's Vice President for the Biological Program, and Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. She is a physician and expert in public health and bioterrorism. Dr. Hamburg also served as Commissioner of Health for the City of New York and as Assistant Director of the Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases at the National Institutes of Health. She is a member of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies of Science, the Intelligence Science Board and the Council on Foreign Relations